제4차 일본군‘위안부’문제 아시아연대회의 결의문 우리, 1996년 3월 28일부터 29일까지 필리핀의 마닐라에서 열린 제 4차 정신대 문제 아시아연대회의에 참석한 대한민국, 타이완, 인도네시아, 일본, 그리고 필리핀의 대표자들과 ‘위안부’ 생존자들 모두는: 아시아여성기금이 ‘위안부’들에게 자행한 전쟁 범죄에 대한 해결책이 아니며 일본 정부가 자신들의 죄를 숨기고 생존자들에 대한 법적, 도덕적 책임을 회피하려는 술책이라는 것을 확신하는 바이다. 일본 정부가 국민기금의 기금모금을 즉각 중지하고, 유엔의 권고 사항과 국제사회의 관례에 따라 생존자들에게 법적 배상을 하기를 요구한다. 우리, 아시아 여성들은 1992년 8월 서울에서 제 1회 일본군‘위안부’ 문제 아시아연대회의를 연 것을 시작으로 지난 4년간 일본정부가 진실을 밝히고 공식적이고 진실하게 사죄하며 법적 배상을 하도록 촉구하는 연대활동을 펼쳐왔다. 또 우리 아시아여성들은 유엔 인권위원회와 제 4차 베이징 세계여성대회, 그리고 다른 국제기구들이 이 문제 해결을 위해 보다 적극적인 역할을 하도록 호소해왔다. 우리의 연대활동을 통해, ‘위안부’ 문제는 베이징에서 열린 제 4차 세계여성대회에서 다음과 같이 행동강령으로 채택되었다 : “무장분쟁시 강간은 전쟁 범죄에 해당한다.” :“책임자를 색출하고 처벌해야 하며 범죄자들을 정의의 심판대에 올려 놓아야 한다.” 2월 6일 라디카 쿠마라스와미 유엔 특별보고관은 보고서를 발표하고 다음과 같은 사항을 일본정부에 권고했다: a) 각 정부 기관의 관련 자료를 모두 공개하고; b) 모든 피해자들에게 공식적인 사죄문을 발표하며; C)일본 학생들에게 이 문제를 교육하도록 모든 교과서를 개정하며; d) 군대성노예 제도를 설립하고 관여한 책임자들을 처벌하라. 1996년 2월 29일, ILO 조약권고적용전문가위원회는 일본의 군대성노예 제도에 대한 의견을 보고서에 포함하여 일본의 전시성노예제도는 강제노동협약을 위반한 것이며 일본정부는 배상해야 한다고 표명했다. 그러나 일본 정부는 입장을 바꾸기는커녕 오히려 유엔 인권 위원회가 쿠마라스와미의 보고서의 권고를 채택하지 못하도록 로비활동을 벌이고 있다. 이제 국민기금 문제를 해결해 나가야 할 때이다. 우리는 일본 정부가 유엔인권위원회의 다음과 같은 권고를 준수할 것을 촉구한다: 1. 일본군‘위안부’ 제도가 전쟁범죄이자 반인도적 범죄임을 인정하고 아시아 국가들에 대한 침략과 식민지배 범죄를 인정하라. 2. 일본군‘위안부’제도의 진상을 철저히 규명하라. 3. 피해자들에게 공식적이고 개별적으로 사죄하라. 4. 국민기금을 철회하고 생존자들과 희생자 유족들에게 직접 배상하라. 5. 배상을 위한 특별법과 특별위원회를 설립하라. 6 교과서에 역사적인 사실을 기록하여 일본후세에 교육하라. 7. 군대성노예제도의 설립과 징집에 관여한 가해자를 특정하고 처벌하라! 현재까지 침묵 속에 있는 ‘위안부’ 생존자들이 세상에 나올 수 있도록 하기 위해서라도 책임자 처벌은 매우 중요하다. 일본 정부가 위의 권고 사항을 지키도록 우리는 다음과 같은 행동을 펼쳐나갈 것이다. 1. 일본 정부가 국민기금을 철회하도록 한다. 2. 국민기금 모금 활동에 참여하고 있는 기업, 단체, 개인들이 참여를 중단하도록 설득하고 국민기금이 일본군’위안부’ 범죄에 대한 유일한 해결책이라고 주장하며 대중을 교모하게 호도하는 이들에게 항의한다. 3. 일본 정부가 국제법률가협회(ICJ), 제4차 베이징세계여성대회 행동강령, 그리고 유엔 여성폭력특별보고관의 권고를 준수하도록 모든 노력을 다한다. 4. 일본 정부가 진상규명과 배상을 위한 특별법을 제정하도록 모든 필요한 행동을 취한다. 5. 아시아 및 세계 여성과 연대하여 유엔 인권위원회가 여성폭력특별보고관의 보고서를 채택하도록 압박한다. 6. ILO가 강제노동금지협약에 따라 이 문제해결을 위해 적극적인 역할을 취할 수 있도록 설득하고 각국 노조에게 ILO의 활동에 결합하도록 요청한다. 7. 피해국 정부들이 이 문제의 올바른 해결을 위해 일본정부를 압박하도록 요구하고 문제 해결을 위해 활동하는 단체들의 활동뿐 아니라 생존자들을 경제적으로 지원하도록 요구한다. 8. 일본이 유엔안보리 상임이사국이 되는 것을 반대하는 서명 캠페인을 더 확산시켜 나간다. 9. 일본이 이러한 요구를 이행하지 않을 경우 일본제품 불매운동을 국제적으로 전개한다. 마지막으로, 본 회의는 여성, 전쟁 그리고 군국주의에 관한 국제 공청회를 조직할 것과 전시 및 무력분쟁 시 여성폭력 문제해결을 위해 활동하는 세계 모든 여성들과의 연대를 요청한다. 1996년 3월 29일 제 4 차 정신대 문제 아시아 연대회의 참석자 일동 --- RESOLUTION OF THE 4TH ASIAN WOMEN'S SOLIDARITY CONFERENCE ON MILITARY SEXUAL SLAVERY BY JAPAN We the participants of the 4th Asian Women's Solidarity Conference of Military Sexual Slavery held from March29, 1996 in Manila, Philippines, in which delegates from the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Japan participated, along with the "comfort women" survivors: Reaffirm that the Asian women's Fund is not the solution to the war crimes committed against "comfort women", but a ploy of the Japanese Government to hide its crimes and avoid its legal and moral responsibility to the survivors. We demand that Japanese Government immediately stop collecting money for the Asian Women's Fund and instead, pay the legal reparations to the survivors according to the recommendations of the UN and the custom of international communities. We, Asian women, held the first Asian Women's Solidarity Conference in Seoul in August, 1992, marking the beginning of four years of solidarity activities demanding the Japanese government to reveal the truth, issue an official, sincere apology, and pay legal reparations. We Asian women, have appealed to the UN Human Rights Commission and the 4th UN World Conference of Women and other international bodies to take active roles in resolving this issue. Through our solidarity activities, the "comfort women" issue was adopted is the platform for Action by the 4th UN world Conference of Women in Beijing as the following: "rape in the conduct of armed conflict constitutes a war crime" and " to investigate and punish all those responsible and bring the perpetrators to justice". On February 6, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, UN Special Rapporteur, released her official report, and recommended to the Japanese Government to: a)make public all related documents of various government organizations; b)issue a formal written apology to individual victims; c)revise all Japanese textbooks to educate Japanese students on the issue; d)punish the persons responsible for, and involved in, the establishment of military sexual slavery. On February 29 1996, the committee of experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations of ILO general conference, concerning its opinion about military sexual slavery by Japan, stated that Japan's wartime sexual slavery violated the Forced Labor Convention and that the Japanese Government should pay wages and compensation. However, the Japanese Government has not changed its attitude; rather, it is lobbying to stop the UN Human Rights Commission from adopting the recommendations of Ms. Coomaraswamy's Report. It is now trying to resolve the issue with the Asian Women's Fund. We demand that the Japanese Government adhere to the recommendations of the UN Human Rights Commissions, as follows: 1. Acknowledge the system of military sexual slavery by Japan as a war crime and a crime against humanity and admit its war of aggression and colonization of Asian Countries! 2. Reveal the whole truth about its military sexual slavery practice! 3. Make formal, individual apologies to the survivors! 4. Withdraw the Asian Women's Fund, and pay direct reparations to the survivors and the bereaved families of victims! 5. Establish a Special Law and set up a Special Administrative Tribunal for reparations! 6. Record the truth in school textbooks and educate the younger generations of Japan! 7. Identify and punish perpetrators involved in the recruitment and institutionalization of military sexual slavery! It is extremely important to punish those responsible to serve as encouragement for other comfort women survivors who until now have remained silent, to finally come out. In order for the Japanese Government to adhere to the above recommendations, we resolve to undertake the following: 1. Compel the Japanese Government to withdraw the Asian Women's Fund. 2. Persuade the corporations, organizations the individuals participating in the collection of the Asian Women's Fund to stop from doing so and protest against those who insist, and deliberately mislead the public that it is the only solution to the crime of military sexual slavery by Japan. 3. Do all necessary actions to make the Japanese government adhere to the recommendations of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), the Beijing Platform for the 4th UN World Conference of Women and the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women. 4. Do all necessary actions to compel the Japanese Government to establish a Special Law mandating fact-finding activities and reparations. 5. Pressure the UN Human Rights Commission to about the Report of the UN Special Rapporteur, in solidarity with the women of Asia and the world. 6. Convince the International Labor Organization to take an active role in pursuing the resolution of the issue in accordance with the Forced Labor Convention and recommend to labor unions of the world to participate on the action of the ILO. 7. Demand the governments of victimized countries go pressure the Japanese Government to resolve the issue properly, and to support survivors economically as well as the activities of the organizations that work on this issue. 8. Continue to expand the signature campaign to oppose Japan's becoming a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council. 9. Being an international boycott of Japanese products if Japan does not meet our demands. Lastly, this conference calls for the organizing of a World Public Hearing of Women, War, and Militarism and the linking up of initiatives of women all over the world working of the issue of violence against women in war and armed conflict situations. Action Plans 1. Strengthen women solidarity, and activities of victimized countries in Asia and internationally. a. Interlink with women survivors of other countries, especially from China, Malaysia, North Korea, and Pacific Islands. Undertake information exchange of the condition and numbers of the comfort women and launch coordinated regional and national campaigns that would pressure the Japanese government to recognize their war crimes responsibilities. b. Expand the signature campaign to oppose Japan's becoming a permanent member of the UN Security Council. c. Convene the World Public Hearing on Women, War and Militarism, and link up with women working with survivors of wartime rape and sexual slavery to organize this activity. (Organization Committee to be composed of LILA Pilipina, Asian Women Human Rights Council for women Drafted for Sexual Slavery.) d. Disseminate and popularize the recommendations of the Coomaraswamy Report submitted to the UN Commission os Human Rights of the military sexual slavery issue to the people and governments of the victimized countries and internationally as well. 2. Strengthen activities in the United Nations a. Undertake joint lobby at the 52nd Session of the UN Human Right Commission of the following: i. Adoption of the Report by Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy dated January 1996 of military sexual slavery by Japan. ii. Adoption of the Report by Ms. Linda Chaves as UN Special Rapporteur of Systematic Rape and Sexual Slavery during periods of armed conflict. b. Initiate a campaign to urge women working with the women war victims all over the world to pressure the UN Commission of Human Rights to adopt recommendations of the UN Special Rapporteur of Violence3 Against Women.(c/o LILA Pilipina) 3. Campaign for more lawsuits through the International Labor Organization The Japanese government ratified the Forced Labor Convention Number 29 of November 21, 1932, and it became effective, the repeal of the convention is prohibited for ten years from the time it came into effect until at least November 21, 1944. a. The Federation of Korean Trade Unions filed a lawsuit to ILO against the Japanese government concerning the violation of Convention No. 29. In February 29, 1996, the committee of experts on the application of the Convention and recommendations of the ILO submitted a general report and in its written opinion, "military sexual slavery by Japan is characterized as sexual slavery in violation of the Forced Labor Convention; the Japanese government should pay wages and compensation to the victims, and that the Japanese government should give proper consideration to this matter expeditiously". b. Ask other trade unions and labor organizations to file lawsuits through the ILO. 4. To strengthen activities to improve comfort women's living conditions, Korean Council, LILA Pilipina, Taipei Women Rescue Foundation, and Indonesia-LBA will provide followings to the survivors; a. free medical check -ups, treatment, hospitalization b. counseling c. activities-meetings of survivors and monthly pickets at the Japanese Embassy d. petitions to national governments to act on the issue of the comfort women 5. Lobbying mayors of major cities in victimized and other countries to write a letter to Mr. Hashimoto, Prime Minister of Japan, to adhere to the recommendations of the UN and International Communities. Mayors of Seoul, Taipei, and Metro Manila, have written letters to Mr., Hashimoto, urging him to take action of the demands of the comfort women.